The Song Dynasty - 960-1279CE
The founder of Neo-Confucianism was Zhu Xi. Neo-Confucianism is a simple term of renewing of the original view of Confucian vision. The renew was needed due to fact of China start to become more and more expose to foreign religion, and see lack of development in their own religion. The reform helps to reinterpret the ancient ideal to the modern of China.
Politics and Administration
The Song Dynasty was a period of great economic, technological, cultural, and naval development. This period also saw a huge growth in population, which in turn affected the economy in very positive ways. However, it was also a period marked by constant fighting with the Khiten Empire, the Jurchens, and the Mongols.
In terms of government and administration, civil service examinations were further refined with the goal of only allowing the most worthy potential scholars to gain posts in governmental. Likewise, the Song administration was highly sophisticated and organized -- equal to, if not surpassing, that of Tang China's centralized government.
Social welfare programs were developed and a legal code similar to that of Tang China was enforced. Interestingly, people such as empresses had very little influence during the Song Dynasty. This was different to previous dynasties, where these types of people often affected politics.
The Southern Song Dynasty the Chinese government established the first permanent navy in 1132, which was used to defend China's water and land borders. According to history, each ship could carry up 500 people. Because of their maritime developments, Song China heavily influenced foreign economies. China also began to use paper money during the Song Dynasty, which was the first time in the world's history that this happened. As a result of these types of activities, the Song Dynasty is regarded as a high point in classical Chinese science and technology.
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